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Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance

Electrolyte and acid-base balance refers to the regulation of essential minerals (such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride) and maintaining the body's pH level within a normal range (7.35–7.45). This balance is crucial for nerve function, muscle contractions, hydration, and overall metabolic stability. Any disruption can lead to serious health complications.

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Treatments

  • Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement: IV fluids or oral rehydration solutions to restore balance.
  • Dialysis: Used in severe cases of kidney failure to remove excess acids or electrolytes.
  • Nutritional Therapy: A balanced diet with proper electrolyte intake.
  • Addressing Underlying Conditions: Treating kidney disease, diabetes, or respiratory disorders that contribute to imbalances.

Causes of Electrolyte & Acid-Base Imbalance

  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Dehydration or excessive fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating)
  • Uncontrolled diabetes
  • Respiratory disorders (e.g., COPD)
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Overuse of diuretics or laxatives
  • Severe infections or sepsis
  • Excessive alcohol consumption

Symptoms

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
  • Muscle cramps or spasms
  • Confusion or disorientation
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Shortness of breath
  • Excessive thirst or dry mouth
  • Seizures (in severe cases)

Prevention

  • Maintain a well-balanced diet rich in essential electrolytes.
  • Stay hydrated, especially in hot weather or during exercise.
  • Manage chronic conditions like kidney disease and diabetes.
  • Avoid excessive alcohol, caffeine, and processed foods.
  • Use medications (like diuretics) as prescribed by a doctor.
  • Monitor electrolyte levels regularly if at risk.